Unfortunately fungal rot and rust are problems faced by almost every plant species. When the rot is present on all cladodes and is not just surface rot - but is being spread by the vascular system of the plant, a topical spray of fungicide will not cure the problem.
If it was only on one cladode, that limb could be removed and a systemic fungicide sprayed on the plant.
In this case, the spores from the rust and rot could easily infect other nearby plants through wind or water spreading or splashing from one plant to another.
Sadly, the best thing is to ditch this plant, pot and potting mix in the bin.
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